Approach Procedures

Radar Manoeuvring Area

The Radar Manoeuvring Area (RMA) is the airspace in which Bristol Radar can safely vector aircraft.

The Bristol RMA looks like this:

(IMAGE AVAILABLE SOON)

It is important that when vectoring aircraft inbound, you remain within the confined RMA airspace. If for whatever reason you need to vector an aircraft outside the RMA, you must coordinate with the appropriate area sector.

Delegated Airspace

Some of the airways in the vicinity of Cardiff and Bristol are delegated to both units. For Cardiff delegated airspace, see the "Local Aerodromes" pages. The Bristol delegated airspace is as follows:
- L9 ALVIN to 5nm east of WOTAN, up to FL105.
(IMAGE AVAILABLE SOON)

The delegated airspace plays a significant role in handling traffic into and out of Bristol and other surrounding aerodromes.

Buffer Zone

The Bristol and Cardiff controlled airspace is divided by a buffer zone. The buffer zone is 3nm wide and enables reduced radar separation to be applied between aircraft under the control of Bristol and Cardiff radar units. All aircraft should remain clear of the buffer zone. There are 3 different buffer zones:

Easterly (Cardiff runway 12, Bristol runway 09)

(IMAGE AVAILABLE SOON)

Westerly (Cardiff runway 30, Bristol runway 27)

(IMAGE AVAILABLE SOON)

Mixed (Cardiff runway 30, Bristol runway 09/Cardiff runway 12, Bristol runway 27)

(IMAGE AVAILABLE SOON)

Intermediate Approach Procedures

Aircraft will be received from either London/Cardiff using the following standing agreements:

BRI1A - FL80 towards BRI
BRI1B - FL80 towards BRI
BRI1C - FL120 towards POMAX
BRI1D - FL90 towards BRI (runway 27), 5000ft towards BRI (runway 09)
BRI1E - FL80 towards BRI

Traffic inbound to Bristol usually follows the following pattern:

(IMAGES AVAILABLE SOON)

IMPORTANT - The headings and tracks used here are only approximate. There are many factors which will affect the headings and tracks used such as wind and traffic situation . There is no requirement to follow these routes exactly as they are shown.

Continuous Descent Approach Procedure

The aim of a CDA is to provide pilots with ATC assistance necessary for them to achieve a continuous descent during intermediate and final approach at speeds which require minimum use of lift devices. This has significant benefits in terms of noise produced and reduces the amount of fuel that needs to be used.

The procedure requires specific speeds to be assigned to aircraft and accurate, adequate range from touchdown information.

The CDA procedure should be used for all inbound aircraft to Bristol.

Distance from touchdown information should be passed at the following times:

  • When first issuing descent clearance from a Flight Level to an altitude
  • When turning the aircraft onto a base leg
  • If DME is unserviceable, ranges should be passed on the intercept heading to the ILS
  • If a previous estimate has become invalid, a new distance should be passed (e.g. change in landing order)

Speed Control

Speeds to be flown during approach are specified by the controller and will depend on the traffic situation at that time. On occasions, a pilot may request to maintain a higher than normal speed. If traffic situation allows this, the aircraft can be told that there is "no ATC speed restriction".

There are standard speeds which should be employed during approach:

  • During Intermediate approach, leaving the stack to the point at which a base leg is flown, 220kts should be used.
  • On a base leg and closing heading, 180kts should be used. (If spacing is becoming tight, aircraft can be slowed to 160kts when on a closing heading for the ILS)
  • On final, 160kts until 4DME. Speed control cannot be applied beyond 4DME.

Note - Boeing 757's prefer to fly at 210kts during intermediate approach

Missed Approach procedures

The missed approach procedures are as follows:

Runway
Missed Approach Procedure
09
Climb straight ahead to 3000ft then as directed.
27
Climb straight ahead to 3000ft then as directed.
  • RAD will be made aware of the missed approach by the tower.
  • The tower controller will hold further departures and issue any tactical headings to aircraft already departing to ensure they are separated from the missed approach aircraft.
  • RAD should issue a heading and/or frequency for the aircraft to contact
  • RAD should inform the tower controller when outbound traffic can be resumed again

In the event of an associated radio failure with a missed approach, the aircraft should follow the procedures detailed in the UK AIP.

Terrain Clearance

Terrain clearance is the responsibility of the pilot whether or not specific heading instructions have been issued by ATC.

The lowest level within the RMAC final approach areas that can be assigned to aircraft which is terrain safe is 1500ft.

Radar Separation Requirements

The minimum radar separation between aircraft is 3nm.

Spacing Requirements

The minimum spacing between aircraft is 3nm unless there are vortex implications. The final approach vortex spacing to be used by Bristol Approach is:

Super Super 4
Heavy 6
Upper Medium 7
Lower Medium 7
Small 7
Light 8
Heavy
Super 4
Heavy
4
Upper Medium
5
Lower Medium
5
Small
6
Light
7
Upper Medium
Upper Medium
3
Lower Medium
4
Small
4
Light
6
Lower Medium
Small
3
Light
5
Small
Light
3

Upper Medium aircraft are B707, B757, DC8, IL62 and VC10

Lower Medium are all other medium aircraft

Bristol Radar is to provide 4nm spacing unless requested otherwise by AIR. A 6 mile gap will enable 1 aircraft to depart. An 8 mile gap will enable 2 aircraft to depart.

A minimum of 15nm must be used between a known emergency aircraft and any traffic following it on final approach. The tower will be responsible for determining the required gap.

Descent Profile

Aircraft that are established on the localiser may be cleared to descend on the glidepath from altitudes up to and including 5000ft QNH.

Surveillance Radar Approaches

RAD is responsible for carrying out SRA's. SRA's with advisory heights on a 3 degree glidepath terminating at 2nm from touchdown are approved for all runways.


© 2012 ivao.co.uk - All rights reserved